GBZ 159-2004 工作場(chǎng)所空氣中有害物質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)的采樣規(guī)范

C52 GBZ ÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹ú¹ú¼ÒÖ°ÒµÎÀÉú±ê×¼ GBZ 159£­2004 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¹¤×÷³¡Ëù¿ÕÆøÖÐ Óк¦ÎïÖʼà²âµÄ²ÉÑù¹æ·¶ Specifications of air sampling for hazardous substances monitoring in the workplace ·¢²¼ ?? ÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úÎÀÉú²¿ ·¢ ²¼ GBZ 159-2004 ? ÑÔ Îª¹á³¹Ö´ÐС¶ÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úÖ°Òµ²¡·ÀÖη¨¡·£¬Ó롶¹¤ÒµÆóÒµÉè¼ÆÎÀÉú ±ê×¼¡·£¨GBZ 1—2002£©ºÍ¡¶¹¤×÷³¡ËùÓк¦ÒòËØÖ°Òµ½Ó´¥ÏÞÖµ¡·£¨GBZ 2—2002£©ÏàÅäÌ×£¬ÌØÖƶ¨±¾±ê×¼¡£ ±¾±ê×¼½«¡¶³µ¼ä¿ÕÆøÖÐÓж¾ÎïÖʼà²â²ÉÑù¹æ·¶¡·£¨WS 1£­1996£©ºÍ¡¶ ×÷ Òµ³¡Ëù¿ÕÆøÖнðÊôÑùÆ·²É¼¯·½·¨¡·£¨WS/T 16£­1996£©Ð޸ĺϲ¢ÎªÒ»¸ö¹æ·¶£» º­¸ÇÁËÓж¾ÎïÖʺͷ۳¾¼à²âµÄ²ÉÑù·½·¨£¬ÊÊÓÃÓÚʱ¼ä¼ÓȨƽ¾ùÈÝÐíŨ¶È¡¢¶Ì ʱ¼ä½Ó´¥ÈÝÐíŨ¶ÈºÍ×î¸ßÈÝÐíŨ¶ÈµÄ¼à²â¡£ ±¾±ê×¼µÄ¸½Â¼A¡¢BÊÇ×ÊÁÏÐÔ¸½Â¼¡£ ±¾±ê×¼´Ó2004Äê12ÔÂ1ÈÕÆðʵʩ£¬Í¬Ê±´úÌæWS1£­1996ºÍWS/T16£­1996¡£ ±¾±ê×¼Ê״η¢²¼ÓÚ1996Ä꣬±¾´ÎÊǵÚÒ»´ÎÐÞ¶©¡£ ±¾±ê×¼ÓÉÈ«¹úÖ°ÒµÎÀÉú±ê׼ίԱ»áÌá³ö¡£ ±¾±ê×¼ÓÉÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úÎÀÉú²¿Åú×¼¡£ ±¾±ê×¼Æð²Ýµ¥Î»£ºÖйú¼²²¡Ô¤·À¿ØÖÆÖÐÐÄÖ°ÒµÎÀÉúÓëÖж¾¿ØÖÆËù¡¢ºþ±± Ê¡¼²²¡Ô¤·À¿ØÖÆÖÐÐÄ¡£ ±¾±ê×¼Ö÷ÒªÆð²ÝÈË£ºÐì²®ºé¡¢ãƻ۷¼ºÍÁºÂ»¡£ GBZ 159£­2004 ¹¤×÷³¡Ëù¿ÕÆøÖÐ Óк¦ÎïÖʼà²âµÄ²ÉÑù¹æ·¶ 1 ·¶Î§ ±¾±ê×¼¹æ¶¨Á˹¤×÷³¡Ëù¿ÕÆøÖÐÓк¦ÎïÖÊ£¨Óж¾ÎïÖʺͷ۳¾£©¼à²âµÄ²ÉÑù·½ ·¨ºÍ¼¼ÊõÒªÇó¡£ ±¾±ê×¼ÊÊÓÃÓÚ¹¤×÷³¡Ëù¿ÕÆøÖÐÓк¦ÎïÖÊ£¨Óж¾ÎïÖʺͷ۳¾£©µÄ¿ÕÆøÑùÆ·²É ¼¯¡£ 2 ¹æ·¶ÐÔÒýÓÃÎļþ ÏÂÁÐÎļþÖеÄÌõ¿î£¬Í¨¹ý±¾±ê×¼µÄÒýÓöø³ÉΪ±¾±ê×¼µÄÌõ¿î¡£·²ÊÇ×¢ÈÕÆÚ µÄÒýÓÃÎļþ£¬ÆäËæºóËùÓеÄÐ޸ĵ¥£¨²»°üÀ¨¿±ÎóµÄÄÚÈÝ£©»òÐÞ¶©°æ¾ù²»ÊÊÓÃÓÚ ±¾±ê×¼£¬È»¶ø£¬¹ÄÀø¸ù¾Ý±¾±ê×¼´ï³ÉЭÒéµÄ¸÷·½Ñо¿ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉʹÓÃÕâЩÎļþµÄ×î а汾¡£·²ÊDz»×¢ÈÕÆÚµÄÒýÓÃÎļþ£¬Æä×îа汾ÊÊÓÃÓÚ±¾±ê×¼¡£ GBZ 2 ¹¤×÷³¡ËùÓк¦ÒòËØÖ°Òµ½Ó´¥ÏÞÖµ GB/T 17061 ×÷Òµ³¡Ëù¿ÕÆø²ÉÑùÒÇÆ÷µÄ¼¼Êõ¹æ·¶ 3 ÊõÓï ±¾±ê×¼²ÉÓÃÏÂÁÐÊõÓ 3.1 ¹¤×÷³¡Ëù£¨Workplace£©Ö¸ÀͶ¯Õß½øÐÐÖ°Òµ»î¶¯µÄÈ«²¿µØµã¡£ 3.2 ¹¤×÷µØµã£¨Work Site£©Ö¸ÀͶ¯Õß´ÓÊÂÖ°Òµ»î¶¯»ò½øÐÐÉú²ú¹ÜÀí¹ý³ÌÖо­³£ »ò¶¨Ê±Í£ÁôµÄµØµã¡£ 3.3 ²ÉÑùµã£¨Sampled site£©Ö¸¸ù¾Ý¼à²âÐèÒªºÍ¹¤×÷³¡Ëù×´¿ö£¬Ñ¡¶¨¾ßÓдú±íÐÔ µÄ¡¢ÓÃÓÚ¿ÕÆøÑùÆ·²É¼¯µÄ¹¤×÷µØµã¡£ 3.4 ¿ÕÆøÊÕ¼¯Æ÷(Air collector)Ö¸ÓÃÓڲɼ¯¿ÕÆøÖÐÆø̬¡¢ÕôÆø̬ºÍÆøÈܽºÌ¬Óк¦ ÎïÖʵÄÆ÷¾ß£¬Èç´ó×¢ÉäÆ÷¡¢²ÉÆø´ü¡¢¸÷ÀàÆøÌåÎüÊչܼ°ÎüÊÕÒº¡¢¹ÌÌåÎü¸½¼Á¹Ü¡¢ ÎÞ±ÃÐͲÉÑùÆ÷¡¢ÂËÁϼ°²ÉÑù¼ÐºÍ²ÉÑùÍ·µÈ¡£ 3.5 ¿ÕÆø²ÉÑùÆ÷(Air sampler)Ö¸ÒÔÒ»¶¨µÄÁ÷Á¿²É¼¯¿ÕÆøÑùÆ·µÄÒÇÆ÷£¬Í¨³£Óɳé Æø¶¯Á¦ºÍÁ÷Á¿µ÷½Ú×°ÖõÈ×é³É¡£ 3.6 ÎÞ±ÃÐͲÉÑùÆ÷(Passive sampler)Ö¸ÀûÓÃÓж¾ÎïÖÊ·Ö×ÓÀ©É¢¡¢Éø͸×÷ÓÃΪԭÀí Éè¼ÆÖÆ×÷µÄ¡¢²»ÐèÒª³éÆø¶¯Á¦µÄ¿ÕÆø²ÉÑùÆ÷¡£ 3.7 ¸öÌå²ÉÑù(Personal sampling)Ö¸½«¿ÕÆøÊÕ¼¯Æ÷Åå´øÔÚ²ÉÑù¶ÔÏóµÄÇ°ÐØÉϲ¿£¬ Æä½øÆø¿Ú¾¡Á¿½Ó½üºôÎü´øËù½øÐеIJÉÑù¡£ 3.8 ²ÉÑù¶ÔÏó(Monitored person )ָѡ¶¨Îª¾ßÓдú±íÐԵġ¢½øÐиöÌå²ÉÑùµÄÀͶ¯ Õß¡£ 3.9 ¶¨µã²ÉÑù(Area sampling)Ö¸½«¿ÕÆøÊÕ¼¯Æ÷·ÅÖÃÔÚÑ¡¶¨µÄ²ÉÑùµã¡¢ÀͶ¯ÕßµÄ ºôÎü´ø½øÐвÉÑù¡£ 3.10 ²ÉÑùʱ¶Î(Sampling period)Ö¸ÔÚÒ»¸ö¼à²âÖÜÆÚ£¨È繤×÷ÈÕ¡¢ÖÜ»òÄ꣩ÖУ¬ Ñ¡¶¨µÄ²ÉÑùʱ¿Ì¡£ 3.11 ²ÉÑùʱ¼ä(Sampling duration)ָÿ´Î²ÉÑù´Ó¿ªÊ¼µ½½áÊøËù³ÖÐøµÄʱ¼ä¡£ 3.12 ¶Ìʱ¼ä²ÉÑù£¨Short time sampling£©Ö¸²ÉÑùʱ¼äÒ»°ã²»³¬¹ý15minµÄ²ÉÑù¡£ 3.13 ³¤Ê±¼ä²ÉÑù£¨Long time sampling£©Ö¸²ÉÑùʱ¼äÒ»°ãÔÚ1hÒÔÉϵIJÉÑù¡£ 3.14 ²ÉÑùÁ÷Á¿£¨Sampling flow£©Ö¸Ôڲɼ¯¿ÕÆøÑùƷʱ£¬Ã¿·ÖÖÓͨ¹ý¿ÕÆøÊÕ¼¯ Æ÷µÄ¿ÕÆøÌå»ý¡£ 3.15 ±ê×¼²ÉÑùÌå»ý£¨Standard sample volume £©Ö¸ÔÚÆøÎÂΪ20¡æ£¬´óÆøѹΪ 101.3 kPa£¨760mmHg£©Ï£¬²É¼¯¿ÕÆøÑùÆ·µÄÌå»ý£¬ÒÔL±íʾ¡£ »»Ë㹫ʽΪ 293 P V 0 = V t ¡Á ¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª ¡Á ¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª …… (1) 273 + t 101.3 ʽÖУºV 0 ¡ª ±ê×¼²ÉÑùÌå»ý£¬L£» V t ¡ª ÔÚζÈΪt¡æ£¬´óÆøѹΪPʱµÄ²ÉÑùÌå»ý£¬L£» t ¡ª ²ÉÑùµãµÄÆøΣ¬¡æ£» P ¡ª ²ÉÑùµãµÄ´óÆøѹ£¬kPa¡£ 4 ²É¼¯¿ÕÆøÑùÆ·µÄ»ù±¾ÒªÇó 4.1 Ó¦Âú×㹤×÷³¡ËùÓк¦ÎïÖÊÖ°Òµ½Ó´¥ÏÞÖµ¶Ô²ÉÑùµÄÒªÇó¡£ 4.2 Ó¦Âú×ãÖ°ÒµÎÀÉúÆÀ¼Û¶Ô²ÉÑùµÄÒªÇó¡£ 4.3 Ó¦Âú×㹤×÷³¡Ëù»·¾³Ìõ¼þ¶Ô²ÉÑùµÄÒªÇó¡£ 4.4 ÔÚ²ÉÑùµÄͬʱӦ×÷¶ÔÕÕÊÔÑ飬¼´½«¿ÕÆøÊÕ¼¯Æ÷´øÖÁ²ÉÑùµã£¬³ý²»Á¬½Ó¿ÕÆø ²ÉÑùÆ÷²É¼¯¿ÕÆøÑùÆ